Moscow (Russian: Москва, Moskva) is the capital of Russia, the largest city in terms of population, and entities of the Russian Federation. Moscow politics, economy, culture and religion, finance, education and transport center in Russia, and is considered a global city. It is the seventh-largest city by population. Number of Muscovites (as of January 2010) 10,562,099 inhabitants.
Located on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District in the European region of Russia. Moscow is located at the crossroads of three geological platforms historically, was the capital of the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire (for three years from 1728 to 1730), Tsarist Russia, and the Grand Duchy of Moscow. They site Kremlin Moscow, one of the World Heritage sites in the city, which serves as a home of Russian President. Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) and the government Alrossia fall in the city as well.
Moscow is a major economic center. It contains many of the scientific and educational institutions, and many sports facilities Kzlk.fahi possesses a complex transport system includes four international airports, nine railway stations, and the subway system, the second busiest in the world (after Tokyo), which is famous for its architecture and works of art. Metro is one of the busiest subway operator of the individual in the world.
History
The city was named after the name of the river (old Russian: град Москов, meaning "the city next to the Moscow River"). In the novel, Carl generation of Harvard University, "born of the river," argues that the name refers to the bumper support of the holy places, which was built by the Slavic tribes who founded the city at the beginning of the tenth century. The first Russian source is talking about has been issued in Moscow in 1147 when Yuri Dolgoruky called Prince of Novgorod-Svrskiy saying, "Come to me, my brother, to Moscobad nine years, in 1156 the Prince Yuri Dolgurukiy city of Rostov ordered the construction of a wooden wall, which has been rebuilt several times, to capture the city's emerging. [4] after the dismissal of the year 1237 to 1238, when he burned the Mongols entire city and killed its inhabitants, recovered Moscow and became the capital of an independent province called Vladimir- Suzdal in 1327. contributed to its positive impact on the headwaters of the Volga River to the stable expansion. Moscow has evolved into a Emirate of a stable and prosperous, known as the Duchy of Moscow, for many years attracted a large number of refugees from across Russia.
Under Ivan the first rule of Moscow, the city took place as the center of Tver city Sassi of Vladimir-Suzdal and became the University of taxes only Mughal. High praise, Ivan won a major concession from the Khan. Other non-UAE at the time, Ivan Moscow did not divide each part in order to give his son, but gave it to his eldest son. However, Moscow's opposition to foreign rule grew. In 1380, Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow led a united Russian army to an important victory against the Tatars in the Battle of Kulikov, but they were not a decisive battle. Two years later Moscow was sacked by khan Tuchtmich. In 1480 Ivan III has finally stopped the rule of the Tatars on the Russians, Sameh to Moscow to become Russia's power center. [5] under the rule of Ivan III the city became the capital of an empire that will contain all end up on the ground Russian in this day and other areas as well.
In 1571 the Crimea Tatars attacked Moscow, Hariqan everything is the Kremlin. [6]
In 1609, the Swedish army led by Count Jacob de la Garde and Everett home they began their march from Veliki-Novgorod to Moscow to help Tsar Vasily Chewska, and entered Moscow in 1610 stopped the rebellion against the Tsar, but left early in 1611, after the Lithuanian Polish army conquered. Polish Mosquih during the war (1605-1618) Hetman Stanislav Julkievskiy entered Moscow after defeating the Russians in the Battle of Kluchino. Ten of the seventh century was rich in popular Balatfadat, liberation of Moscow the Polish-Lithuanian occupation (in 1612), a riot of salt (in 1648), the copper riots (1662), and Ankadat Moscow in 1682.
The plague swept Moscow in 1570-1571, 1592 and 1654-1656. [7] The city lost Makantha capital of Russia in 1712 and after the founding of Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great near the Baltic coast in 1703. 1771 was the last plague epidemic plague in central Russia , killing a hundred thousand people in Moscow have. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, Muscovites burned the city and completely out of them, as Napoleon's forces were approaching on 14 September Napoleon's Grand Army stringent hungry, Mahatin cold with little ammunition, the army was forced to retreat after the cold Russian winter, and sporadic attacks by Russian military forces. More than four hundred thousand people died in this round, with a few thousand soldiers have Returning to their homeland. [8]
The French invasion of Russia in 1812, a fire Moskvy January 1905, the idea of the governor of the city of Foundation or the mayor made an official in Moscow, and Alexander Odrejanov became the first mayor of Moscow official. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, on March 12, [9] in 1918 Moscow became the capital of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union less than five years. [10] During World War II (the period from June 22, 1941, to May 9, 1945, known in Russia on behalf of the Great Patriotic War), after the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the defense committee Alihucomih Soviet General Staff of the Red Army were falling in Moscow.
Red Square, panel Fedor Alexeyev, 1802 In 1941, sixteen teams from the national volunteers (more than 160,000) 0.25 battalions (18,500 people), formed four engineering regiments among Muscovites. In November, the German army stopped at the outskirts of the city but were expelled in the Battle of Moscow. Many of the factories have stopped working with a large part of the government, and in the twentieth of October announced that the city was under siege. Muscovites Alocbakaan built and defended the anti-tank defenses, while the city was erupted from the sky. Joseph Stalin refused to leave the city, which means that the public Alerkln and negotiators NPC Bakaioa also remained in the city as well. Despite the siege and bombs, building a number of Moscow Metro subway lines they work did not stop the war, and by the end of the war.
Moscow, map in 1784 and Alsoviaah German losses were both Knua on bargaining and many of the sources provided different information. For that reason, the losses were estimated from thirty September 1941 and seven in January 1942 it was one of 248 thousand to 400 thousand to 650 thousand and the Wehrmacht and the Red Army of 1,280,000. [11] [12] [13]
One in May 1944 victory medal in Moscow in 1947 and other medals in the 800 mentioned Moscow had submitted. In the twentieth Alzkrh of victory over Nazi Germany in eight May 1965 Moscow has become one of the 12 Soviet cities who have attained the title of city champion.
In 1980, the Summer Olympic Games, who have ignored by the United States and a number of Western countries intervention of the Soviet Union in the last Boavganstan 1979. Moscow became the capital of Russia in 1991 after the Soviet Union Zolan.
Since that time, the emergence of Aqsad market has produced an explosion of Western shops, services, engineering, and living patterns. In 1998, the first World Youth Games hosted.
Moqaa
Moscow city located on the outskirts of the Moscow River, which is going to more than five hundred Iklmitr through easy Eastern Europe in the middle of Russia. Forty-nine bridge cut in the river within the city limits, with many water Alqtawat. Muyco rise in the exhibition All-Russian Center, in the area where the most important branch of the weather observatory is located, is equivalent to 156 meters (512 feet). The highest point in the city are high Thblostansquia to rise 255 meters (837 feet). [14] show Moscow city from west to east equivalent to 39 g 7 kilometers (24 g 7 miles), and the length from north to south, equivalent to 51 g 7 Iklmitr (32.1 miles).
The road system in Moscow focused on the overall Akarmiln, in the heart of the city. There are ways of branching out to intersect with Daúaria ways ("shavings").
The first, and closer to the center and the main loop, Pulvarnuelh Coltso, who had his sons on the old site of the city wall of XVI, who was named Bilje Jurad century (White City). Alpulvarnuelh Kaltsu in fact not ring, it does not constitute a complete circle, but the arc that Fulbright grants from the Cathedral of Christ the Savior to Aauza River. Hear the road changed several times on his way into the city.
Preliminary second episode, which is located outside the ring Alpulvard, called Sadowsquiah Kaltsu (garden) loop. Such Alpulvard ring, ring the park take place on the old wall of the impact of the sixth century, which was the ten city. Episode III, the third episode of Transportation, work on it ended in 2003 as a way high-speed fast.
Transport fourth episode, fast another way, built at the present time in order to ease the traffic density. Beyond loop from the city center in Moscow city called Moscow ring road cars (Московская Кольцевая Автомобильная Дорога) which determines the approximate boundaries of the city. There are some roads outside the city who use the same sequence.
Timing
Moscow has a humid continental climate (climate classification cups) with warm, wet summers and cool winters chapters long. Traditional warm temperatures in the months of June, July, and August of 23 degrees Celsius (73 Fahrenheit), but in the heat waves (which occur between May and September), the heat during the day may become higher than 30 degrees Celsius (86 Fahrenheit) - in many times for a week or Attan. In winter, temperatures fall to 10 bikes almost zero Celsius (14 Fahrenheit), but there are some times when temperatures climb above zero (32 F). Greater degree recorded was 36.8 degrees Celsius (98.2 Fahrenheit) [15] in August 1920, less was recorded 42.2 degrees Celsius below zero bicycle (44 F) in January 1940. The layer of ice (available for three to five months of the year) to form the primitive and precipitation at the end of November and melts in mid-March.
Architecture
Moscow Engineering universally known. Moscow is also famous as the location and the presence of St. Basil's Cathedral, with Kabbath a form of onions, and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and Alhqsqat seven.
For a long time, the appearance of the city was ruled by numerous Orthodox churches. City view change is large in the Soviet Aladhar, especially because of Joseph Stalin, who made a big effort to make a civilized city. He knew the city on a large main ways and methods, some of them more than ten rows, but a lot of important historical works of demolition at the same time. Tower Hucharev, and many luxury homes and shops that were on the edge of the roads, a lot of religious architecture, such as the Kazan Cathedral and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior has been demolished in the era of Stalin's rule. In the nineties Alkatdraúaatan been for their children again, despite the presence of a large amount of cash because of the high commissioning and lack of historical perspective. [19]
Architect Vladimir Shukhov was responsible for building a number of landmarks Moscow during the Soviet era early. Shukhov Tower was one of the towers is a hyperboloid designed by Huchrov, built between 1919 and 1922 tower sent to the Russian company to the media. Shukhov also left a lasting impact of the Russian Soviet. We have designed a large and long-sized stores, such as the Central Universal Store on Red Square, which Boukraún dam Maadanah innovative glass.
But Stalin was the person who built Cakecqat seven, seven buildings that resemble consists Cathedral. Famous landmark in the panorama of Moscow, determination came from the municipality building in Manhattan, New York City, as well as named this architecture Gothic architecture Alsalinih. All towers can be seen from the elevated areas of the city. They are one of the tallest buildings in Moscow is Ostankino Tower, which was built in 1967 and was the longest-standing structure on the same ground in the world and continues to this day in the third world after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai and the CN Tower in Toronto.
Soviet policy of providing mandatory housing for every citizen and his family, and the rapid growth of the population of Moscow mayor in the Soviet era, has also led to a large building, residential blocks monotonous, which can be life analysis, strength building, or "pattern" by the neighborhood and the materials used to for their children. Most Bnioa after Covenant Alsalini, patterns were called in most of the time by the president, who was present at the time (Brezhnev, Khrushchev, etc.) and most of them were neglected.
Stalin era buildings, most of the time they were in the center of the city, and were carrying socialist banner. But some churches (Medmanm followers of the Eastern Orthodox) offer small glimpses of the past all over the city. Old Arbat Street, a popular tourist site, which was in the old heart of the region Albohemah, preserves most of the buildings before the twentieth century. Many of the buildings in the main streets of the city, such as Tverskaya Street in central consistence deployed in times of kings architecture. Oskankino Castle, Koskov, Ozquih and other large houses outside Moscow, originally they were nobles in the era of kings, and a number of the monastery inside and outside the city are open for tourists and residents of Moscow.
There repair buildings before the Soviet Union adapters. These buildings that are fixed can identify them from the new colors and clean interfaces. There are a number of business Tailah Soviet early, such as a house engineer Konstantin Mellnekov in Alerbat area. Many of these innovations has been criticism because of the lack of respect for historical authenticity. Demolition of buildings and left sides practiced significantly as well. Subsequent examples of architecture in the Soviet times Medm can identify them by their size and great stealth cultural patterns, such as Novy Arbat project, known as "false teeth of Moscow" and notorious because of the inconvenience of the historic district in the center of Moscow, which dramatically in the project.
Banners will be passing the home of well-known figure if she lived in the house. In Medm times banners to be Mshahyr Sovitien unknown outside Russia. There are also a lot of museums in the homes of famous writers, artists, writers and music.
Panorama Moscow talk is largely due to the number of towers that are being built.
In recent years, the city administration has been criticism largely because of the large demolition of many historic buildings. Amount equivalent to one-third of Moscow's historic landmarks have been demolished in recent years to make place for the construction of luxury apartments and hotels. Another historic landmarks such as the Moskva Hotel in 1930 and 1913 were Fuentroyj shop Hedmam and they construct again what caused the loss of the historic atmosphere and historical value. Critics also unfamiliar with the government to count the application of conservation laws: in the last 12 years has been more than 50 Mbna with the demolition of historic importance, of them were buildings of the seventeenth century. A number of critics also think that the money used for the reconstruction of the buildings can be used for the renovation of buildings, such as the work of Konstantin Mellnekov Mikovsquia Metro station.
Parks and monuments
There are 96 parks and 18 park in Moscow, the equivalent of 4 Botanical Gardens. There are also 450 square kilometers (174 square miles) of green logic is 100 square kilometers (39 square miles) of forest. [20] The Moscow city green if Mqrntha with other cities in Eastern Europe and America. There are an average 27 square meters (290 square feet) of parks per person in Moscow, 6-Mqrnta in Paris, 7.5 in London and 8.6 in New York. [21]
Central Park of Culture and Rest, which marked the name of Maxim Gorky, was established in 1928. The main area (689.000 square meters) [21] on the Moskva River consists of Merfoat platforms, areas for children (including water pools of control with boats and water bicycles), dancing , tennis courts, sports and other facilities. It's next to Nescochwi Garden (408,000 square meters), the oldest park in Moscow and place of the old emperor housing, the fact that Bmdj three pieces of land after the eighteenth century. The park where the Green Theater, one of the largest open terraces in Europe, his ability that can accommodate up to 15 thousand people. [22]
Azmailovski Park, which was established in 1931 is one of the one of the largest parks in the civilian world with Richmond Park in London. An area equivalent to a quarter of 15.34 kilometers (5.92 square miles), six times larger than Central Park in New York City. [21]
Sokolniki Park, named after the falcon hunting sports that were practiced there in the past, is one of the one of the oldest parks in Moscow and an area of 6 square kilometers (2 square miles). There is a large fountain in the center and corridors of trees, maple and elm. Labyrinth composed of green corridors located after the blessings of deer in the park.
Losiny Ostrov National Park (Park "Elk Island National"), with more than 116 square kilometers (45 square miles), is located next to the Sokolniki Park was the first Russian national Menzah. It is also known as the "Tiga City" because of the presence of the deer.
Garden plants of the Academy of Sciences, founded in 1945 and is the largest in Europe. [23] It covers 3.61 square kilometers (1.39 square miles) and is located near the Russian Exhibition Centre and has a gallery consists of twenty thousand species of plants from posting program sites in the world as well as from Laboratory research. Also contains 20,000 Todr rose bushes, and oak trees with an average age of more than 100 years, and the house of glass area of 5,000 square meters. [21]
Russian Exhibition Centre (Всероссийский выставочный центр), formerly known as the Federal Agricultural total exhibition and also an exhibition on the achievements of the national economy, although the official name "permanent trade show", is in fact one of the most prominent examples of Stalinist-era architecture. Runs between large areas of the amusement park dozens of detailed wings, each representing either a branch of Soviet industry and science or one of the republics of the Soviet Union. Although during the nineties, it was, and for some still misused as a huge shopping (leased most of the wings of small companies), but still includes architectural landmarks, including two huge fountains (flower stone and friendship among peoples), and Cinema 360 degree panoramic.
Known Lilac Park, which was founded in 1958, Bmardh of large sculptures and supplied.
Moscow has always been a popular destination for tourists Gladiator. Some tourist destinations known better include site UNESCO World Heritage Site, Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, [24], which was built between the 14th century and 17. [24] The Church of the Ascension at Kolomenskoye, which dates back to 1532, is also the site UNESCO World Heritage Site, a tourist another. [25]
Another popular site shook the Moscow Zoo, Garden contains more than a thousand species of animals and 6,500 sample. Each year 1.2 million people visit the park. [25]
Government and administrative divisions
Moscow, the seat of power for the federal Russia. In the city center, the central administrative Baloucrog, Moscow Kremlin, which has a house located Raúas Russia, as well as many of the buildings of the national government. This includes numerous military headquarters and the headquarters of the leadership of the Moscow military district. Moscow, like other capitals, each containing unveiled and foreign diplomats, who represent many of the states in Russia. Moscow has been appointed as one of the federal cities in Russia (Other St. Petersburg). Eighty-three of the entities of the Russian Federation, Moscow represents the most populous, and Adgr one in space. Finally, Moscow is located in the central economic region, one of the 12 regions in Russia's borders with similar economic goals.
Administrative divisions
Moscow is fully managed by the city mayor and one (Srgaa Sobyanin). Moscow city is divided into ten administrative Oucrogat, and a hundred and twenty-three zone.
Civil minute charts for the development in the capital of Russia began in the second century, ten, when the city was founded. Bold Central Moscow grew Balandmmam to the suburbs in the way of the town with the medieval principles of urban development, when strong walls of the hall were gradually become a new circular streets of neighboring settlements along.
Population
According to the Russian population statistics the city's population was only 10,382,754, but this number is made up of immigrants population. Latest estimate, since Anao 1, 2010, equivalent to 10,562,098. [26] The population of Moscow Oblast 17,314,776 arrived on the same date.
According to 2002 statistics, the ethnic composition of the population of the city was:
Slavic Cherqaon- 9121573 (87.853%)
Ross - 8808009 (84.833%)
Ukrainian --253 644 (2.401%)
Bllarrosien- 59353 (0.572%)
Caucasians (depending of any region in the Caucasus) --326 385 (3.144%)
Ermn- 124 425 (1.198%)
Odhiraan- 95563 (0.920%)
Georgian- 54551 (0.525%)
Hihanyen- 14481 (0.139%)
Osatien- 10581 (0.102%)
The peoples of the Volga and Berm- 217 467 (2.095%)
Ttar- 166 177 (1.600%)
Mordovyin- 23970 (0.231%)
Chovahien- 16011 (0.154%)
Asia Alosty- 87656 (0.844%)
Tagiu- 35385 (0.381%)
Located on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District in the European region of Russia. Moscow is located at the crossroads of three geological platforms historically, was the capital of the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire (for three years from 1728 to 1730), Tsarist Russia, and the Grand Duchy of Moscow. They site Kremlin Moscow, one of the World Heritage sites in the city, which serves as a home of Russian President. Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) and the government Alrossia fall in the city as well.
Moscow is a major economic center. It contains many of the scientific and educational institutions, and many sports facilities Kzlk.fahi possesses a complex transport system includes four international airports, nine railway stations, and the subway system, the second busiest in the world (after Tokyo), which is famous for its architecture and works of art. Metro is one of the busiest subway operator of the individual in the world.
History
The city was named after the name of the river (old Russian: град Москов, meaning "the city next to the Moscow River"). In the novel, Carl generation of Harvard University, "born of the river," argues that the name refers to the bumper support of the holy places, which was built by the Slavic tribes who founded the city at the beginning of the tenth century. The first Russian source is talking about has been issued in Moscow in 1147 when Yuri Dolgoruky called Prince of Novgorod-Svrskiy saying, "Come to me, my brother, to Moscobad nine years, in 1156 the Prince Yuri Dolgurukiy city of Rostov ordered the construction of a wooden wall, which has been rebuilt several times, to capture the city's emerging. [4] after the dismissal of the year 1237 to 1238, when he burned the Mongols entire city and killed its inhabitants, recovered Moscow and became the capital of an independent province called Vladimir- Suzdal in 1327. contributed to its positive impact on the headwaters of the Volga River to the stable expansion. Moscow has evolved into a Emirate of a stable and prosperous, known as the Duchy of Moscow, for many years attracted a large number of refugees from across Russia.
Under Ivan the first rule of Moscow, the city took place as the center of Tver city Sassi of Vladimir-Suzdal and became the University of taxes only Mughal. High praise, Ivan won a major concession from the Khan. Other non-UAE at the time, Ivan Moscow did not divide each part in order to give his son, but gave it to his eldest son. However, Moscow's opposition to foreign rule grew. In 1380, Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow led a united Russian army to an important victory against the Tatars in the Battle of Kulikov, but they were not a decisive battle. Two years later Moscow was sacked by khan Tuchtmich. In 1480 Ivan III has finally stopped the rule of the Tatars on the Russians, Sameh to Moscow to become Russia's power center. [5] under the rule of Ivan III the city became the capital of an empire that will contain all end up on the ground Russian in this day and other areas as well.
In 1571 the Crimea Tatars attacked Moscow, Hariqan everything is the Kremlin. [6]
In 1609, the Swedish army led by Count Jacob de la Garde and Everett home they began their march from Veliki-Novgorod to Moscow to help Tsar Vasily Chewska, and entered Moscow in 1610 stopped the rebellion against the Tsar, but left early in 1611, after the Lithuanian Polish army conquered. Polish Mosquih during the war (1605-1618) Hetman Stanislav Julkievskiy entered Moscow after defeating the Russians in the Battle of Kluchino. Ten of the seventh century was rich in popular Balatfadat, liberation of Moscow the Polish-Lithuanian occupation (in 1612), a riot of salt (in 1648), the copper riots (1662), and Ankadat Moscow in 1682.
The plague swept Moscow in 1570-1571, 1592 and 1654-1656. [7] The city lost Makantha capital of Russia in 1712 and after the founding of Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great near the Baltic coast in 1703. 1771 was the last plague epidemic plague in central Russia , killing a hundred thousand people in Moscow have. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, Muscovites burned the city and completely out of them, as Napoleon's forces were approaching on 14 September Napoleon's Grand Army stringent hungry, Mahatin cold with little ammunition, the army was forced to retreat after the cold Russian winter, and sporadic attacks by Russian military forces. More than four hundred thousand people died in this round, with a few thousand soldiers have Returning to their homeland. [8]
The French invasion of Russia in 1812, a fire Moskvy January 1905, the idea of the governor of the city of Foundation or the mayor made an official in Moscow, and Alexander Odrejanov became the first mayor of Moscow official. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, on March 12, [9] in 1918 Moscow became the capital of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union less than five years. [10] During World War II (the period from June 22, 1941, to May 9, 1945, known in Russia on behalf of the Great Patriotic War), after the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the defense committee Alihucomih Soviet General Staff of the Red Army were falling in Moscow.
Red Square, panel Fedor Alexeyev, 1802 In 1941, sixteen teams from the national volunteers (more than 160,000) 0.25 battalions (18,500 people), formed four engineering regiments among Muscovites. In November, the German army stopped at the outskirts of the city but were expelled in the Battle of Moscow. Many of the factories have stopped working with a large part of the government, and in the twentieth of October announced that the city was under siege. Muscovites Alocbakaan built and defended the anti-tank defenses, while the city was erupted from the sky. Joseph Stalin refused to leave the city, which means that the public Alerkln and negotiators NPC Bakaioa also remained in the city as well. Despite the siege and bombs, building a number of Moscow Metro subway lines they work did not stop the war, and by the end of the war.
Moscow, map in 1784 and Alsoviaah German losses were both Knua on bargaining and many of the sources provided different information. For that reason, the losses were estimated from thirty September 1941 and seven in January 1942 it was one of 248 thousand to 400 thousand to 650 thousand and the Wehrmacht and the Red Army of 1,280,000. [11] [12] [13]
One in May 1944 victory medal in Moscow in 1947 and other medals in the 800 mentioned Moscow had submitted. In the twentieth Alzkrh of victory over Nazi Germany in eight May 1965 Moscow has become one of the 12 Soviet cities who have attained the title of city champion.
In 1980, the Summer Olympic Games, who have ignored by the United States and a number of Western countries intervention of the Soviet Union in the last Boavganstan 1979. Moscow became the capital of Russia in 1991 after the Soviet Union Zolan.
Since that time, the emergence of Aqsad market has produced an explosion of Western shops, services, engineering, and living patterns. In 1998, the first World Youth Games hosted.
Moqaa
Moscow city located on the outskirts of the Moscow River, which is going to more than five hundred Iklmitr through easy Eastern Europe in the middle of Russia. Forty-nine bridge cut in the river within the city limits, with many water Alqtawat. Muyco rise in the exhibition All-Russian Center, in the area where the most important branch of the weather observatory is located, is equivalent to 156 meters (512 feet). The highest point in the city are high Thblostansquia to rise 255 meters (837 feet). [14] show Moscow city from west to east equivalent to 39 g 7 kilometers (24 g 7 miles), and the length from north to south, equivalent to 51 g 7 Iklmitr (32.1 miles).
The road system in Moscow focused on the overall Akarmiln, in the heart of the city. There are ways of branching out to intersect with Daúaria ways ("shavings").
The first, and closer to the center and the main loop, Pulvarnuelh Coltso, who had his sons on the old site of the city wall of XVI, who was named Bilje Jurad century (White City). Alpulvarnuelh Kaltsu in fact not ring, it does not constitute a complete circle, but the arc that Fulbright grants from the Cathedral of Christ the Savior to Aauza River. Hear the road changed several times on his way into the city.
Preliminary second episode, which is located outside the ring Alpulvard, called Sadowsquiah Kaltsu (garden) loop. Such Alpulvard ring, ring the park take place on the old wall of the impact of the sixth century, which was the ten city. Episode III, the third episode of Transportation, work on it ended in 2003 as a way high-speed fast.
Transport fourth episode, fast another way, built at the present time in order to ease the traffic density. Beyond loop from the city center in Moscow city called Moscow ring road cars (Московская Кольцевая Автомобильная Дорога) which determines the approximate boundaries of the city. There are some roads outside the city who use the same sequence.
Timing
Moscow has a humid continental climate (climate classification cups) with warm, wet summers and cool winters chapters long. Traditional warm temperatures in the months of June, July, and August of 23 degrees Celsius (73 Fahrenheit), but in the heat waves (which occur between May and September), the heat during the day may become higher than 30 degrees Celsius (86 Fahrenheit) - in many times for a week or Attan. In winter, temperatures fall to 10 bikes almost zero Celsius (14 Fahrenheit), but there are some times when temperatures climb above zero (32 F). Greater degree recorded was 36.8 degrees Celsius (98.2 Fahrenheit) [15] in August 1920, less was recorded 42.2 degrees Celsius below zero bicycle (44 F) in January 1940. The layer of ice (available for three to five months of the year) to form the primitive and precipitation at the end of November and melts in mid-March.
Architecture
Moscow Engineering universally known. Moscow is also famous as the location and the presence of St. Basil's Cathedral, with Kabbath a form of onions, and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and Alhqsqat seven.
For a long time, the appearance of the city was ruled by numerous Orthodox churches. City view change is large in the Soviet Aladhar, especially because of Joseph Stalin, who made a big effort to make a civilized city. He knew the city on a large main ways and methods, some of them more than ten rows, but a lot of important historical works of demolition at the same time. Tower Hucharev, and many luxury homes and shops that were on the edge of the roads, a lot of religious architecture, such as the Kazan Cathedral and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior has been demolished in the era of Stalin's rule. In the nineties Alkatdraúaatan been for their children again, despite the presence of a large amount of cash because of the high commissioning and lack of historical perspective. [19]
Architect Vladimir Shukhov was responsible for building a number of landmarks Moscow during the Soviet era early. Shukhov Tower was one of the towers is a hyperboloid designed by Huchrov, built between 1919 and 1922 tower sent to the Russian company to the media. Shukhov also left a lasting impact of the Russian Soviet. We have designed a large and long-sized stores, such as the Central Universal Store on Red Square, which Boukraún dam Maadanah innovative glass.
But Stalin was the person who built Cakecqat seven, seven buildings that resemble consists Cathedral. Famous landmark in the panorama of Moscow, determination came from the municipality building in Manhattan, New York City, as well as named this architecture Gothic architecture Alsalinih. All towers can be seen from the elevated areas of the city. They are one of the tallest buildings in Moscow is Ostankino Tower, which was built in 1967 and was the longest-standing structure on the same ground in the world and continues to this day in the third world after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai and the CN Tower in Toronto.
Soviet policy of providing mandatory housing for every citizen and his family, and the rapid growth of the population of Moscow mayor in the Soviet era, has also led to a large building, residential blocks monotonous, which can be life analysis, strength building, or "pattern" by the neighborhood and the materials used to for their children. Most Bnioa after Covenant Alsalini, patterns were called in most of the time by the president, who was present at the time (Brezhnev, Khrushchev, etc.) and most of them were neglected.
Stalin era buildings, most of the time they were in the center of the city, and were carrying socialist banner. But some churches (Medmanm followers of the Eastern Orthodox) offer small glimpses of the past all over the city. Old Arbat Street, a popular tourist site, which was in the old heart of the region Albohemah, preserves most of the buildings before the twentieth century. Many of the buildings in the main streets of the city, such as Tverskaya Street in central consistence deployed in times of kings architecture. Oskankino Castle, Koskov, Ozquih and other large houses outside Moscow, originally they were nobles in the era of kings, and a number of the monastery inside and outside the city are open for tourists and residents of Moscow.
There repair buildings before the Soviet Union adapters. These buildings that are fixed can identify them from the new colors and clean interfaces. There are a number of business Tailah Soviet early, such as a house engineer Konstantin Mellnekov in Alerbat area. Many of these innovations has been criticism because of the lack of respect for historical authenticity. Demolition of buildings and left sides practiced significantly as well. Subsequent examples of architecture in the Soviet times Medm can identify them by their size and great stealth cultural patterns, such as Novy Arbat project, known as "false teeth of Moscow" and notorious because of the inconvenience of the historic district in the center of Moscow, which dramatically in the project.
Banners will be passing the home of well-known figure if she lived in the house. In Medm times banners to be Mshahyr Sovitien unknown outside Russia. There are also a lot of museums in the homes of famous writers, artists, writers and music.
Panorama Moscow talk is largely due to the number of towers that are being built.
In recent years, the city administration has been criticism largely because of the large demolition of many historic buildings. Amount equivalent to one-third of Moscow's historic landmarks have been demolished in recent years to make place for the construction of luxury apartments and hotels. Another historic landmarks such as the Moskva Hotel in 1930 and 1913 were Fuentroyj shop Hedmam and they construct again what caused the loss of the historic atmosphere and historical value. Critics also unfamiliar with the government to count the application of conservation laws: in the last 12 years has been more than 50 Mbna with the demolition of historic importance, of them were buildings of the seventeenth century. A number of critics also think that the money used for the reconstruction of the buildings can be used for the renovation of buildings, such as the work of Konstantin Mellnekov Mikovsquia Metro station.
Parks and monuments
There are 96 parks and 18 park in Moscow, the equivalent of 4 Botanical Gardens. There are also 450 square kilometers (174 square miles) of green logic is 100 square kilometers (39 square miles) of forest. [20] The Moscow city green if Mqrntha with other cities in Eastern Europe and America. There are an average 27 square meters (290 square feet) of parks per person in Moscow, 6-Mqrnta in Paris, 7.5 in London and 8.6 in New York. [21]
Central Park of Culture and Rest, which marked the name of Maxim Gorky, was established in 1928. The main area (689.000 square meters) [21] on the Moskva River consists of Merfoat platforms, areas for children (including water pools of control with boats and water bicycles), dancing , tennis courts, sports and other facilities. It's next to Nescochwi Garden (408,000 square meters), the oldest park in Moscow and place of the old emperor housing, the fact that Bmdj three pieces of land after the eighteenth century. The park where the Green Theater, one of the largest open terraces in Europe, his ability that can accommodate up to 15 thousand people. [22]
Azmailovski Park, which was established in 1931 is one of the one of the largest parks in the civilian world with Richmond Park in London. An area equivalent to a quarter of 15.34 kilometers (5.92 square miles), six times larger than Central Park in New York City. [21]
Sokolniki Park, named after the falcon hunting sports that were practiced there in the past, is one of the one of the oldest parks in Moscow and an area of 6 square kilometers (2 square miles). There is a large fountain in the center and corridors of trees, maple and elm. Labyrinth composed of green corridors located after the blessings of deer in the park.
Losiny Ostrov National Park (Park "Elk Island National"), with more than 116 square kilometers (45 square miles), is located next to the Sokolniki Park was the first Russian national Menzah. It is also known as the "Tiga City" because of the presence of the deer.
Garden plants of the Academy of Sciences, founded in 1945 and is the largest in Europe. [23] It covers 3.61 square kilometers (1.39 square miles) and is located near the Russian Exhibition Centre and has a gallery consists of twenty thousand species of plants from posting program sites in the world as well as from Laboratory research. Also contains 20,000 Todr rose bushes, and oak trees with an average age of more than 100 years, and the house of glass area of 5,000 square meters. [21]
Russian Exhibition Centre (Всероссийский выставочный центр), formerly known as the Federal Agricultural total exhibition and also an exhibition on the achievements of the national economy, although the official name "permanent trade show", is in fact one of the most prominent examples of Stalinist-era architecture. Runs between large areas of the amusement park dozens of detailed wings, each representing either a branch of Soviet industry and science or one of the republics of the Soviet Union. Although during the nineties, it was, and for some still misused as a huge shopping (leased most of the wings of small companies), but still includes architectural landmarks, including two huge fountains (flower stone and friendship among peoples), and Cinema 360 degree panoramic.
Known Lilac Park, which was founded in 1958, Bmardh of large sculptures and supplied.
Moscow has always been a popular destination for tourists Gladiator. Some tourist destinations known better include site UNESCO World Heritage Site, Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, [24], which was built between the 14th century and 17. [24] The Church of the Ascension at Kolomenskoye, which dates back to 1532, is also the site UNESCO World Heritage Site, a tourist another. [25]
Another popular site shook the Moscow Zoo, Garden contains more than a thousand species of animals and 6,500 sample. Each year 1.2 million people visit the park. [25]
Government and administrative divisions
Moscow, the seat of power for the federal Russia. In the city center, the central administrative Baloucrog, Moscow Kremlin, which has a house located Raúas Russia, as well as many of the buildings of the national government. This includes numerous military headquarters and the headquarters of the leadership of the Moscow military district. Moscow, like other capitals, each containing unveiled and foreign diplomats, who represent many of the states in Russia. Moscow has been appointed as one of the federal cities in Russia (Other St. Petersburg). Eighty-three of the entities of the Russian Federation, Moscow represents the most populous, and Adgr one in space. Finally, Moscow is located in the central economic region, one of the 12 regions in Russia's borders with similar economic goals.
Administrative divisions
Moscow is fully managed by the city mayor and one (Srgaa Sobyanin). Moscow city is divided into ten administrative Oucrogat, and a hundred and twenty-three zone.
Civil minute charts for the development in the capital of Russia began in the second century, ten, when the city was founded. Bold Central Moscow grew Balandmmam to the suburbs in the way of the town with the medieval principles of urban development, when strong walls of the hall were gradually become a new circular streets of neighboring settlements along.
Population
According to the Russian population statistics the city's population was only 10,382,754, but this number is made up of immigrants population. Latest estimate, since Anao 1, 2010, equivalent to 10,562,098. [26] The population of Moscow Oblast 17,314,776 arrived on the same date.
According to 2002 statistics, the ethnic composition of the population of the city was:
Slavic Cherqaon- 9121573 (87.853%)
Ross - 8808009 (84.833%)
Ukrainian --253 644 (2.401%)
Bllarrosien- 59353 (0.572%)
Caucasians (depending of any region in the Caucasus) --326 385 (3.144%)
Ermn- 124 425 (1.198%)
Odhiraan- 95563 (0.920%)
Georgian- 54551 (0.525%)
Hihanyen- 14481 (0.139%)
Osatien- 10581 (0.102%)
The peoples of the Volga and Berm- 217 467 (2.095%)
Ttar- 166 177 (1.600%)
Mordovyin- 23970 (0.231%)
Chovahien- 16011 (0.154%)
Asia Alosty- 87656 (0.844%)
Tagiu- 35385 (0.381%)
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